Atención centrada en la persona: seguridad del paciente y calidad de atención. Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61708/8fj6qt15Palabras clave:
Atención centrada en la persona, Atención centrada en el paciente, Seguridad del paciente, Calidad de la Atención SanitariaResumen
Antecedentes: La atención del paciente a lo largo de la historia ha evolucionado desde un modelo paternalista hacia un modelo de autonomía, lo que ha requerido el estudio y la caracterización de los esquemas de relación médico-paciente. A partir de la publicación del informe “To Err is Human” se han estudiado las dimensiones que deben ser controladas para brindar una atención segura de calidad y la necesidad de introducir al paciente como miembro del equipo asistencial.
Objetivo: Sintetizar la evidencia científica existente acerca del efecto de la atención centrada en la persona sobre la seguridad del paciente y la calidad de la atención sanitaria.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática desde su creación hasta abril de 2023 en 4 bases de datos, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, y Proquest. Se incluyeron artículos publicados en revistas científicas que describieran el efecto de la atención centrada en la persona sobre la seguridad y la calidad de la atención sanitaria.
Resultados: De los 1178 estudios iniciales se seleccionaron 21 artículos. La mayoría de los estudios demostró que la atención centrada en la persona tuvo efectos positivos sobre las áreas de seguridad del paciente (57,1%, n:12). El ámbito más común fueron los hospitales (52,3% N: 11). La calidad de los estudios fue moderada en su mayoría (76%, n:16).
Conclusiones: La atención centrada en la persona ha demostrado efectos positivos estadísticamente significativos sobre la seguridad del paciente, sin embargo, aún hace falta mayor investigación en la seguridad de forma integral y un consenso sobre el concepto de atención centrada en la persona.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Gaceta Médica de la Junta de Beneficencia de Guayaquil
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